Cyber Security for Microgrids (2024)
Doctoral School of Engineering and Science at Aalborg University
Organizer: Dr. Subham Sahoo sssa@energy.aau.dk
Lecturers: Dr. Subham Sahoo, AAU Energy
ECTS: 2,5 ECTS
Date/Time: 30 September-2 October 2024
Deadline: 8 September 2024
Max no. of participants: 40
Place: AAU Energy, Pontoppidanstraede, Aalborg, Denmark
Description: Microgrids are becoming a cornerstone of power distributions systems that will facilitate the realization of a carbon-neutral electric power systems. Alongside their flexibility to be operated in both grid-connected and autonomous modes, they also provide natural interfaces with many types of RES and ESSs and good compliance with consumer electronics. Moreover, microgrids can be grid-interactive by providing grid supportive functions such as frequency response and, regulation, reactive power support and voltage regulation, etc. All these facts lead to more and more deployment of microgrids in transmission and distribution levels. Furthermore, with proliferation of communication technologies, microgrids are evolving into cyber-physical systems (CPS) that use sophisticated software-based networked control. This increased sophistication imposes numerous new challenges involving coordination, operation philosophy and vulnerability to cyber-attacks. Cyber-attacks can be designed in many ways: (a) sensor infiltration, (b) communication infringement. Even though several hard-bound secure protocols are designed to ensure the authenticity of the actual signal, the attackers usually target the control layer as an easy target. Hence, this course aims to focus on: (a) identifying the vulnerable access points in microgrid controllers, (b) introducing the most prominent cyber-attacks, (c) detection of cyber-attacks in realtime, (d) removal of these attack elements and ensuring stability/preventing system shutdown, (e) various stability issues in microgrids due to cyber-attacks, (f) design of cyber-attack resilient controllers for microgrids, which heals by itself despite any cyber intrusion attempts. Experimental lab demonstration is expected as well along with discussion on future research ideas.
Day 1: General information about cyber security and its impact on microgrids – Subham Sahoo (5 hours)
9:00 – 9:30 Introduction to the course
9:30 – 10:30 Fundamental concepts of power systems and power electronics (for PhD students from Dept. of Electronic Systems)
10:30 – 10:45 Coffee break
10:45 – 12:00 Impact and overview of cyber-attacks in power grid
12:00 – 13:00 Lunch break
13:00 – 14:30 Advanced controllers for cyber-physical microgrids
14:30 – 14:45 Coffee break
14:45 – 16:00 Risk assessment of cyber-attacks in microgrids
Day 2: Cyber security framework for microgrids – Subham Sahoo (5 hours)
09:00 – 10:30 Modeling of cyber-attack detection techniques in microgrids (part 1)
10:30 – 10:45 Coffee break
10:45 – 12:00 Modeling of cyber-attack detection techniques in microgrids (part 2)
12:00 – 13:00 Lunch break
13:00 – 14:00 Stability issues due to cyber attacks in microgrids
14:00 – 15:00 Modeling of cyber-attack mitigation techniques in microgrids
15:00 – 15:15 Coffee break
15:15 – 16:00 Cybersecurity framework in microgrids – Demonstration videos
16:00 – 16:30 Challenges and opportunities
Day 3: Cyber security laboratory exercise and demonstration – Subham Sahoo (2.5 hours)
09:00 – 10:15 Lab Session I
10:15 – 10:30 Coffee Break
10:30 – 11:30 Lab Session II
Prerequisites: Practicing knowledge in power electronic systems and control theory. Experience in using Matlab/Simulink
Form of evaluation: The participants will be grouped and asked to work in teams based on several case studies and tasks proposed along the course. The assessment in this course will be done through a final multiple-choice test in combination with delivery of lab exercises reports.
Course literature
Books:
1. S. Sahoo, F. Blaabjerg and T. Dragicevic, “Cybersecurity for Microgrids”, IET, 2022.
Papers:
1. V S Bharath Kurukuru, M Khan and S Sahoo, “Cybersecurity in Power Electronics using Minimal Data – A Physics-Informed Spline Learning Approach,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 37, no. 11, pp. 12938- 12943, 2022.
2. M Leng, S Sahoo, F Blaabjerg, M Molinas, “Projections of Cyber Attacks on Stability of DC Microgrids - Modeling Principles and Solution,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 37, no. 10, pp. 11774-11786, 2022.
3. A. Cecilia, S. Sahoo, T. Dragicevic, R. Costa, F. Blaabjerg, On Addressing the Security and Stability Issues Due to False Data Injection Attacks in DC Microgrids – An Adaptive Observer Approach,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 2801-2814, 2021.
4. K. Gupta, S. Sahoo, B. K. Panigrahi, F. Blaabjerg, P. Popovski, “On the Assessment of Cyber Risks and Attack Surfaces in a Real-Time Co-Simulation Cybersecurity Testbed for Inverter-Based Microgrids,” Energies, vol. 14, no. 16, 4941, 2021.
5. S Sahoo, T Dragicevic and F Blaabjerg, “Multi Layer Resilience Paradigm Against Cyber Attacks in DC Microgrids,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 2522-2532, 2020.
6. S Sahoo, Y Yang and F Blaabjerg, ”Resilient Synchronization Strategy for AC Microgrids Under Cyber Attacks”, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 73-77, 2020.
7. S Sahoo, T Dragicevic and F Blaabjerg, “An Event-Driven Resilient Control Strategy for DC Microgrids,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 35, no. 12, pp. 13714-13725, 2020.
8. S Sahoo, T Dragicevic and F Blaabjerg, “Resilient Operation of Heterogeneous Sources in Cooperative DC Microgrids,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 35, no. 12, pp. 12601-12605, 2020.
9. S Sahoo, J Peng, S Mishra and T Dragicevic, “Distributed Screening of Hijacking Attacks in DC Microgrids,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 35, no. 7, pp. 7574-7582, 2019.
10. S. Sahoo, S Mishra, J Peng and T Dragicevic, “A Stealth Cyber Attack Detection Strategy for DC Microgrids,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 34, no. 8, pp. 8162-8174, 2018.